Machine Tool Casting Piece Shot Blasting Machine

Machine tool casting piece shot blasting machine
The main components and functions of the hook-through machine tool casting piece shot blasting machine.
In the production process of machine tool castings, shot blasting cleaning is a crucial link that connects the previous step and the next step. The casting pieces such as the bed, worktable, and column of the machine tool often have residual sand, oxide scale, and internal stress after the sand removal process. The hook-through shot blasting machine is the core equipment to solve these problems.
Different from traditional horizontal or track-type shot blasting machines, this type of equipment is specifically designed for heavy, large, and irregularly shaped machine tool castings. The core features are "through-type" and "hook-bearing". Here is a deep original analysis based on industrial design principles and mechanical structure:
1. Machine tool casting piece shot blasting machine - Core components
The machine tool casting piece shot blasting machine is not a simple cleaning machine, but an automated system that integrates mechanical conveying, high-speed blasting, sand and powder circulation, and environmental protection dust removal. It is mainly composed of the following five core modules:
1. Heavy-duty suspension and conveying system
Composition: including load-bearing I-beam track, electric hoist, walking cart, and anti-vibration hook assembly.
Functional innovation:
Through-type design: The track usually runs through the cleaning chamber, forming a "front loading, middle cleaning, rear unloading" assembly line layout. For machine tool guide rails up to 6-8 meters long, multiple hooks can be continuously operated, with extremely high efficiency.
Casting protection: The hook system is usually equipped with a flexible suspension device and a rotating deceleration mechanism. This is not only to lift heavy bed frames, but more importantly, during the blasting process, by driving the hook slowly in a circular motion (usually 1.5-6 r/min) through a variable-frequency motor, the key parts such as the guide rails and installation planes are uniformly cleaned to avoid damage caused by accumulated projectiles.
2. Shot blasting cleaning chamber: This is the enclosed space where the shot and the workpiece "fight".
Composition: a box structure made of high-manganese steel (such as Mn13), with modular protective plates inside.
Functional innovation:
Anti-shot-out labyrinth design: Since it is "through-type", the chamber ends have channels for the hook and the workpiece to enter and exit. Here, there are multiple layers of rubber sealing curtains and a steel plate labyrinth sealing structure, which allows the workpiece to pass through while effectively preventing the rebound and splashing of high-speed projectiles (speed up to 70-80 m/s) outside, ensuring operational safety.
Layout optimization: Considering the uneven wall thickness of machine tool castings, the shot blasting equipment is arranged on the inclined top, side, and bottom of the chamber. This multi-angle layout ensures that the shot can evenly strike the inner cavities, ribs, and other difficult-to-clean parts of the casting.
3. High-efficiency shot blasting assembly: The core component that determines the cleaning quality and efficiency.
Composition: including impeller body, divider wheel, directional sleeve, blades, and drive motor.
4. Sand and powder circulation and purification system: responsible for the recovery, screening, and reuse of the shot.
Composition: screw (vibration) conveyor, bucket elevator, full curtain air separation (magnetic separation) separator, shot control gate.
Functional innovation:
Full curtain air separation: The recovered sand mixture is sent to the top by the elevator, forming a uniform "sand curtain". The air flow generated by the fan passes through the curtain, due to the difference in weight between the projectiles (heavy) and the dust and powder (light), the impurities are sucked into the dust removal pipe, while the intact projectiles fall into the hopper for recycling. This process can ensure that the sand content in the shot is less than 1%, preventing the sanding pipe from getting clogged.
Anti-clogging design: At the bottom of the recovery screw, a screen is set to prevent large debris such as fly edges and core bones from entering the elevator and causing a jam.
5. Environmental protection dust removal system: to ensure a clean production environment.
Composition: cyclone separator (first stage) and pulse reverse-blow bag dust collector (second stage).
Functional innovation:
Second-stage filtration: The contaminated gas from the cleaning chamber is sucked into the pipeline, first using centrifugal force to settle large particles of sparks or dust, then by the bag to intercept micrometer-sized dust. Pulse reverse blowing: Using compressed air to periodically and instantaneously reverse-sweep the bags, dislodging the accumulated dust and maintaining the dust removal efficiency (usually up to 99.9%), ensuring that the emissions meet environmental protection standards - 2.
II. Functional Advantages of Machine Tool Castings (Original Perspective)
After introducing the components, we can view the value of these functions from the specific perspective of "machine tool manufacturing":
Solving the problem of "dead corners in sand removal": The structure of machine tool castings is complex, and the oil passage pipes and rib plates are prone to trapping sand. Through the multi-angle shot blasting device layout of the traveling hook machine and the self-rotation of the workpiece, the shot blasting particles can penetrate everywhere like "fluids", thoroughly cleaning the dead corners.
Enhanced treatment: It is not just cleaning; the high-speed shot blasting impact is equivalent to a "cold hardening" treatment for the surface of the casting. This can increase the hardness of the machine tool guide surface, enhance the fatigue resistance, and extend the service life of the machine tool.
III. Summary of Machine Tool Castings Shot Blasting Machine
The traveling hook through-type machine tool castings shot blasting machine is a complex system integrating machinery, electricity, air, and dust. It realizes the smooth circulation of heavy workpieces through the traveling hook conveying system, completes surface strengthening with efficient shot blasting devices, reduces material costs by relying on the recycling purification system, and finally achieves green production through the dust removal system. For machine tool manufacturing enterprises, it is a key process equipment to ensure the appearance quality of castings, the adhesion of subsequent spraying, and the elimination of internal stress.